Phosphoric acid, also a mineral acid, has the formula H3PO4 and contains one phosphorus atom, four oxygen atoms, and three hydrogen atoms. Phosphoric acid is essential in producing various personal care products, including cleaning products, bath products, perfumes, hair care products, and dyes, nai......

Phosphates have many uses in the treatment of drinking water. They are Used to prevent "red" (iron) and "black" (manganese) water; to prevent and/or Delays scale formation (due to mineral deposition) and corrosion (due to low pH and/or low)

In reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems, many chemicals can be used as scale inhibitors and dispersants to improve the operation of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems. Scale inhibitors are anionic in nature (e.g., polyacrylic acid).

Water treatment is generally divided into drinking water treatment and industrial water treatment. Drinking water treatment steps are generally physical processes (such as sedimentation and filtration), chemical processes (such as disinfection and coagulation), biological processes (such as slow san......

coagulation and flocculation are still integral components of treatment processes, such as reducing water turbidity.

Polypropylene (PAA; trade name Carbomer) is a synthetic high molecular weight propylene polymer. IUPAC is named poly(1-carboxyethylene).